The Political And Moral Thought Of Rousseau And Kant

Conceptions of Freedom in the Political and Moral Thought of Rousseau and Kant In the Age of Enlightenment, both Rousseau and Kant discuss the idea of freedom concerning a man’s will. In spite of their shared conception of freedom as self-legislative autonomy, they differ markedly in terms of what freedom really means. The substantive differences between their accounts of freedom illustrate the two philosophers’ different perceptions about the norms of a civil state, which I suggest, are both flawed and inapplicable to real life. In this paper, I first compare and contrast the conceptions of freedom according to the two philosophers. Then I discuss why those conceptions are flawed. Finally, I provide a possible alternative: instead of clinging on the idea of the free will, I turn to the idea of free action, a less arbitrary conception of freedom. In On the Social Contract, Rousseau discusses three kinds of freedom , namely, natural liberty, civil liberty, and moral liberty. Natural liberty is identified as in the state of nature, a stateless society that involves the absence of any binding norm that would restrain one’s conduct. Having natural liberty means that an individual has â€Å"an unlimited right to everything that tempts him and that he can acquire† (SC I.8). This is the natural state of mankind described in Rousseau’s Discourses on Inequality. In the evolution of human being, the division of labor and the institution of properties yield a thoroughShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1601 Words   |  7 Pages18th century. The Scientific Revolution, which began in the 16th century, gave way to a new and revolutionary way of thinking. It encouraged independent thought, the capacity to ask questions, and a progressive attitude. Additionally, the enlightenment arose during a time when there was absolute monarchy and an extremely powerful church. Political, philosophical, cultural, and religious ideas were in the need of reform. The French Revolution was arguably an effect of the growing ideas of the enlightenmentRead MoreMoral Theories Of Human Rights1433 Words   |  6 PagesWhat do you understand under the philosophy of human rights and the reality of moral theories ABSTRACT The idea of human rights came up as early as 539 BC when the armies of Cyrus the great who was the king of ancient Persia conquered the city of Babylon and he freed all the slaves and gave them the right to chose a religion of their choice. This reveals the history of human rights. However the history of human rights complements the philosophical aspect of the same. Both aspects champion the ideaRead More Age of reason Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesback home where he started thinking more about ethics and political economy. Along with these thoughts Hume wrote books expressing how he felt about these subjects (Snyder34). Essay Moral and Political was one book that enclosed an essay written by Hume dealing with ethics and political economy. Hume felt that ethical thinking was the idea of knowing right from wrong and comes about from ones own self-happiness. Benevolence was the biggest moral good as far as Hume was concerned. The unselfish understandingRead MoreThe Age of Reason142 4 Words   |  6 Pageswho participated and had an affect in The Age of Reason. OUTLINE I. David Hume A. Contributions to the Age of Reason B. Who and what influenced him II. Jean Jacques Rousseau A. What he believed in B. Who influenced him III. Claude Adrien Helvetius A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution IV. Immanuel Kant A. How he made a difference B. Why he made a difference C. What caused him to make a difference V. Johann Fichte A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution VI. JohannRead More Philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment Essay examples1477 Words   |  6 PagesAge of Enlightenment. The Enlightenment carried the idea that economic change and political reform were possible. People started to think that they could use their own intellect to challenge the intellectual authority of tradition and the Christian past. The people who wrote for change and reform were called the philosophes (French for philosophers). They wrote hoping to bring reform to religion, political thought, society, government, and the economy. Thanks to the print culture, the philosophes’Read MoreThe Enlightenment By Locke, Paine, And Kant1492 Words   |  6 Pagestheir faith and if asked to justify themselves, they would not be able too. People brave enough to understand this new paradigm shift like Locke, Paine, and Kant influenced society with their new fascinating philosophies that have influenced us till today. What they did not realize is how corrupt the develo pment of reason would become. Rousseau understood reason and never denied it but also saw its future, which is why he chose compassion over reason. Through Locke’s, Paine’s and Kant’s examples weRead MoreThe Principles Of Freedom Of An Individual934 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipation in the society. Thirdly, political rights of democratic representation or participation i.e., right to vote or be voted for to ensure that the other two rights are not infringed on (Kant Political Philosophy, 1993. p. 173). Liberalism today could slightly be different with earlier views as a result of changes in time and history however the fundamental tent of liberty and the ideals of freedom, equality, independence as expressed by Kant remains the same and paramount. SeveralRead MoreRomanticism Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthe essentially modern, spiritual and fantastic culture of the middle Ages. Romantics were involved in emotional directness of personal experience and individual imagination and aspiration. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature. It is one of the curiosities of literary history that the strongholds ofRead MoreThe Enlightenment1278 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific thought, skeptics, and intellectual interchange: dismissing superstition, intolerance, and for some, religion. Western Europe, Germany, France, and Great Britain, and the American Colonies generally influenced the age of reason. Following the Renaissance, science and rationality was the forefront of this age. The enlightenment came as a wave throughout Europe, drastically changing the culture. The literature of time reflected this idea. Authors such as Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau wereRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Social Contract1004 Words   |  5 PagesSocial contract denotes that a government or sovereign body exists only to serve the will of the people because the people are the source of political power that is enjoyed by the entity. The people can choose to give or withdraw the power. Not all philosophers agree that the social contrac t creates rights and obligations; on the contrary, some believe that the social contract imposes restrictions that restrict a person’s natural rights. Individuals who live within the society gain protection

A Study On Type 2 Diabetes - 1958 Words

This essay will focus on type 2 diabetes, which is becoming one of the fast growing chronic health conditions in the United Kingdom (UK). Approximately 700 people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes each day in the UK (Diabetes Uk, (2014)a). It is costing the NHS about  £10billion pounds each year to treat diabetes along with its complication and it is expected to rise in the next couple of years (Diabetes UK, (2014)b). This essay will discuss the nurse’s role in giving holistic care to patients and their family members and also promoting a healthy life style. It will give a brief description of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its impact on individual and their family across their lifespan. In addition the determinate factors that plays a major role, with increasing the risk of an individual to become type 2 diabetics will be addressed. A conclusion will follow summarizing with aids, especially form the governing body for nurses which advocates their role, contribution and the professional responsibilities to individual’s with type 2 diabetes and their family members/careers according to (NMC, 2008). When food is ingested it travel along the digestive track in to the stomach. where it is broken down in to nutrients in order to be absorbed by the small intestine and inters the blood stream to travel through the circulation to all body cells. One of the nutrients is glucose. When the glucose concentration rise it get detected by the beta cells in the pancreasShow MoreRelatedA Study On Type 2 Diabetes1398 Words   |  6 PagesType 2 Diabetes Samantha Cilione Oregon Institute of Technology â€Æ' Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t know how to use the very little insulin the pancreas produces if it produces any at all. While there is a rare possibility to have Type 1 diabetes but, that it is a genetic disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin causing the person to have to manually inject insulin. Since Type 2 diabetes is more of a controllable disease and know to be a â€Å"lifestyle† disease a person does not haveRead MoreA Study On Type 2 Diabetes1553 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes is a very well known disease throughout the US. There are about 27 million people in the US with the disease and 86 million others have prediabetes which means their blood glucose is not right but also not high enough to be diabetes yet. 208,000 people under the age of twenty have been diagnosed with either Type 1 or 2 Diabetes. The discovery of diabetes came way back in 1910 when English physiologist Albert Sharpey-Schafer made the discovery of a substance that would normally beRead MoreA Study On Type 2 Diabetes Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesType 2 diabetes is a polygenic, complex disease that has become a worldwide health crisis. According to the World Health Organization over 422 million people in the world had this disease in 2014 (1), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated that in the United States alone 29 million people had diabetes in 2014 (2). While the genetic predisposition contributing to the diabetes phenotype is not fully understood to date it still remains an area of active research. There are also variousRead MoreA Study On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus2468 Words   |  10 PagesType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming rapidly more prevalent worldwide, owing largely to the growing obesity pandemic. According to the international diabetes federation, 1 in every 10 people will su ffer from T2DM globally by 2035. (1) Various prevention strategies have been developed focusing on weight loss reduction via increased exercise and diet modification. Medications and bariatric surgery are additional strategies considered for prevention of T2DM. The pathogenesis of T2DM involvesRead MoreA Study On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus778 Words   |  4 PagesType-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in African American Adults The high-risk populations are individuals with increased propensity to greater risk of poor mental, physical, emotional, and social health (Olokoba, Obateru, Olokoba, (2012). The high-risk individuals are susceptible a decreased functional status, and diminished quality of life. In many populations, the causes of the high-risk vulnerabilities are due poor utilization of health care services, poor disease management, and to aRead MoreCase Study : Diabetes Mellitus Type 22136 Words   |  9 Pages Case Study #1: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Monay Link The University of Tampa Case Study #1: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that has the potential to affect various major organs throughout its progression. Diabetes Mellitus is divided into three common categories: type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent), and gestational diabetes. Ninety percent of over 24 million people suffer from type 2 diabetes in the UnitedRead MoreT2DM ( Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : A Study743 Words   |  3 Pages A study detailing the occurrences of T2DM(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), and correlating them with the epigenetic modifications, the possible heritable effects on body metabolism, and the potential processes underwent by exercise and diet choices which affect the epigenome across generations has been conducted.While research on the epigenetic signatures causing insulin resistance, influenced by exercise and physical activity, and attempts to identify therapeutic solutions to avoid obesity and boostRead MoreA Case Study Of A 41 Year Old Mexican American Woman Who Was Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes978 Words   |  4 PagesThe following is a case study of a 41 year-old Mexican American woman who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Alicia Cordova is 5 feet 3 inches tall. And currently weigh 155 pounds; she was pregnant for her second child when she developed gestational diabetes .After pregnancy her blood glucose went back to normal. Mrs Cardova was advised to exercise regular, maintain a healthy weight, and to get regular checkups. However, she has not been able to maintain a healthy weight; she states thatRead MoreThe Prevalence And Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesA. Statement of the Problem The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide, particularly in devel-oping countries, in conjunction with increased obesity rates and westernization of lifestyle (In-zucchi et al., 2012). The economic burden for health care systems is skyrocketing, owing to the costs associated with treatment and diabetes complications. Type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disorders, blindness, end-stage renal failure, amputations, and hospitali-zationsRead MoreIs The Social Environment Influence Type 2 Diabetes1040 Words   |  5 PagesStudies have shown that the social and built environment can play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and self-care behaviors (Christine et al., 2015; Gebreab et al., 2017; Pasala, Rao, Sridhar, 2010; Sidawi Al-Hariri, 2012; Smalls, Gregory, Zoller, Egede, 2014; Winkleby Cubbin, 2003). Social environment includes factors such as safety, violence, social disorder, social cohesion, and collective e fficacy of the neighborhood (National Research Council (US) et al., 2013)

Analysing the share Price of Boral Limited †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysing the share Price of Boral Limited. Answer: Analysing the share price performance of Boral Limited for past years: Figure 1: Depicting the share price moment of Boral limited from 2007 to 2017 (Source: Au.finance.yahoo.com 2017) From the overall evaluation of figure 1 could directly help in identifying the overall share price momentum of Boral Limited for past 10 years. The above figure mainly helps in depicting the rising trend, which is attained by the organisation since 2011. The evaluation also helps and affecting the overall decline in share value of Bora Limited from 2007 to 2012 due to decline in market condition and financial position of the company. Kushner (2014) mentioned that the overall identification of share price trend could eventually help in detecting the performance of the organisation in previous financial years. On the other hand, Kehinde et al. (2017) argued that fundamental problems situated with companies and not detected in share price movement until and unless relevant has been disclosed into the market. From the peak of $5 the relevant share price Boral Limited mainly decline to $2.20 during 2008, due to weak financial projection provided by the organisation in the annual report (Boral.com 2017).The overall tenure from 2007 to 2012 the whole market was declining due to the financial crisis augmented in 2007. This financial crisis mainly crumbled maximum of the financial position of the organisations, which took adequate time to increase performance of the entire organisation. Hence, the performance of Boral Limited from the time of financial crises to 2012 was relatively declining in value. However, after 2012 relevant financial report of the organisation was declared with higher profits, which allowed the organisation to increase boost the share price. In this context, Paramitha, Hartoyo and Maulana (2014) stated that financial crisis mainly forced maximum of the organisations around the world to the brink of insolvency, which was relatively seen in sharp decline conducted in Capit al market during the financial crisis. However, the overall share price performance Of Boral Limited from 2007 to 2017 mainly depicts overall return of 9.62%, which is relatively higher as the company is obtaining higher highs every day. This relevant increment in the overall financial position of the organisation was mainly due to the changing market conditions and increasing profitability obtained by Boral Limited.Nevertheless, the inclination that was taken by Boral Limited from the price of 2.20 to 7.25 is relatively adequate in 10 years, where the company has provided an adequate return of 230% over the past 10 years. Furthermore, from the evaluation it could also be understood that the share price of Boral Limited is continuing to rise from 2012 till date due to the improvement in financial performance and stability in capital market. Andriosopoulos and Lasfer (2015) mentioned that share price of the organisation relatively increases in value if the shareholders see relative growth in the company's dividends and ret urns. Moreover, Boral limited has relatively stayed in a rising trend, which could be identified from figure 1. This rising trend mainly indicates that the overall Performance of the organisation has a relatively increased over the time. However, relative decline in share value could be seen, which is mainly due to the client performance of the organisation and not fulfilling the requirements of investors. The current scenario after the announcement of annual report the share price of the company has relatively touched a new peak, which directly indicates the relevant profits that was portrayed by the organisation. In addition, this relevant achievement of the company is mainly detecting a new bullish uptrend, which could increase the share price much further than recorded in the past 10 years. Therefore, it could be detected that both financial position and share price valuation of the company is relatively adequate for past 10 years. This could eventually help shareholders to identify th e investment opportunity in Boral Limited. References Andriosopoulos, D. and Lasfer, M., 2015. The market valuation of share repurchases in Europe.Journal of Banking Finance,55, pp.327-339. Au.finance.yahoo.com. (2017).BLD.AX Historical prices | BORAL LTD FPO Stock - Yahoo Finance. [online] Available at: https://in.finance.yahoo.com/quote/BLD.AX/history?p=BLD.AX [Accessed 22 Oct. 2017]. Boral.com. (2017).Annual Reports. [online] Available at: https://www.boral.com/PromoList/annual_sustainability_reports.asp [Accessed 22 Oct. 2017]. Brummitt, N., Regan, E.C., Weatherdon, L.V., Martin, C.S., Geijzendorffer, I.R., Rocchini, D., Gavish, Y., Haase, P., Marsh, C.J. and Schmeller, D.S., 2017. Taking stock of nature: essential biodiversity variables explained.Biological Conservation,213, pp.252-255. Cumming, D. and Hou, W., 2014. Valuation of restricted shares by conflicting shareholders in the Split Share Structure Reform.The European Journal of Finance,20(7-9), pp.778-802. Kehinde, A., Uwuigbe, U., Olubukola Ranti, U., Osariemen, A. and Oriabe, S., 2017. Dividend Policy and Share Price Valuation in Nigerian Banks.EuroEconomica,36(1). Kushner, J., 2014. An Examination of Equity-Share Price Valuation Models. Paramitha, A.L., Hartoyo, S. and Maulana, N.A., 2014. The Valuation of Initial Share Price using the Free Cash Flow to Firm Method and the Real Option Method in Indonesia Stock Exchange.Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan,16(1), pp.9-16.

The American Red Cross Case Study free essay sample

?1. Explain the possible problems in the ethical culture of the Red Cross that created the issues discussed in this case. One of the possible problems in the ethical culture of the Red Cross that creates issues is because it is a charitable organization, its leaders have assumed that all employees and volunteers will act ethically. Although this has been disproven many times recently, the Red Cross still has not taken all necessary steps to ensure that it is truly a socially – conscious and ethically – responsible organization. One of the other problems with the ARC’s ethical culture is the moral lack displayed by some of the organization’s leaders. An organization can only be as strong as the person who is leading it. How can you fault the volunteers for stealing ARC money when the organization’s leaders have been caught numerous times with their hands in the proverbial cookie jar? These leaders also benefited from a historical lack of transparency about how the ARC used its money. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Red Cross Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the lack of transparency may not have been a problem in previous generations, America’s moral fiber has been weakened. 2. Name some of the problems that the ARC has encountered with handling donation money. One of the main problems that the ARC has encountered with handling donation money has been overcoming inadequate technological infrastructure. Just as the ARC did not adapt well to other changing workplace trends, the organization failed to update its technological infrastructure until it was forced to do so. The technological infrastructure problems not only included the ARC’s inability to handle heavy website traffic after Hurricane Katrina and other natural disasters, but it also includes a distinct and continuing lack of any real inventory system, cost controls etc. The other main problem that the ARC has encountered with handling donation money is how to allocate monies donated in response to a specific crisis. Several times the ARC has given an inadequate response when they were desperately needed because they do not have a real system to handle crisis – specific donations. Because of this, the ARC has come under fire for using monies given in response to a specific crisis in ways that do not benefit that crisis’ victims. Often donations will be held up after a natural disaster, or even worse improperly disbursed, because of the ARC’s lack of a clear strategic plan. 3. What are some of the reasons for the ARC’s ethical dilemmas, and how can the organization guarantee that these problems will not recur in the future. I feel the main reason for the ARC’s ethical dilemmas is its failure to adapt to changes evident in America’s moral fiber. Before, it was more acceptable for the ARC to trust its leaders and workers implicitly because of the difference in the times. Unfortunately now many Americans do not have the same moral standards or work ethic they did a few decades ago. Although there was corruption then too, it was nowhere near the levels that we see in America now. More than ever before, organizations – especially charitable organizations like ARC – need to spell out their ethical stance. Everyone who works for the ARC as an employee or volunteer needs to be trained on how to act ethically. Furthermore, the ARC needs to establish inventory controls, cash controls, checks and balances, and monitoring systems that will ensure that employee misconduct will no longer be a pervasive problem. 4. What effect does organizational structure and compensation have on ethical behavior among chief executives at ARC? I have always believed that chief executives’ salaries should be a true reflection of their work performance. America has too many chief executives who are merely highly – paid figureheads. Chief executives would perform more ethically automatically if they knew that their continued compensation was tied to them acting ethically. At the ARC and so many other organizations, we have seen CEOs leaving in disgrace with enormous severance packages. This practice has to stop. If I stole from, lied to, or endangered the welfare of my company, I know that I would not be rewarded for it. There has to be accountability from the top down in organizations like the ARC.